Hi there, I am a cardiologist and read your question with diligence. I do not think they are talking of any open heart surgery. Normal rhythm is superior to atrial fibrillation. What they are talking is isolating the atrial fibrillation cells which are located in pulmonary veins.During pulmonary vein ablation, a doctor inserts catheters (long, flexible tubes) into the blood vessels of the leg, and sometimes the neck, and guides the catheters into the atrium. Energy is delivered through the tip of the catheter to tissue that is targeted for ablation. The energy is applied around the connections of the pulmonary veins to the left atrium. Frequently, other areas involved in triggering or maintaining atrial fibrillation are also targeted. As it is not open heart surgery there is no fear like life threatening infections. It is usually done under local anesthesia. Please discuss with your doctor, the doctor or doctors assistant will be able to show you video of the whole procedure to allay any fears. Best Wishes Dr Anil Grover Cardiologist