Hi,
Brief answer: Multiple nodules in the the lungs has many causes including cancerous, autoimmune, infectious, and embolic etiologies.
Detailed answer: Multiple pulmonary nodules has many causes, but is most often metastatic disease from a
primary tumor of the lung or other source. Patient history and imaging findings can help narrow down the causes. Radiation, which your father may have been exposed to while stationed in Japan, increases the risk of cancer. It is also possible that your father was exposed to silica dust, which can cause silicosis, and this could be the cause of the lung nodules.
Tuberculosis can also cause multiple nodules in the lungs.
Fungal infection and non-infectious inflammatory conditions like vasculitis,
sarcoidosis, and
amyloidosis are additional causes of multiple pulmonary nodules.
Lung biopsy will help establish the cause of the nodules and guide management and treatment. I encourage you and your father to discuss your concerns with his doctors.
Hope this helps answer your query. Let me know if I can assist you further.
Take care.
Regards,
Dr. Aaron Shapiro