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Atrophy can be generalized, which means that all of the brain has shrunk; or it can be focal, affecting only a limited area of the brain and resulting in a decrease of the functions that area of the brain controls. If the cerebral hemispheres (the two lobes of the brain that form the cerebrum) are affected, conscious thought
The pattern and rate of progression of
cerebral atrophy depends on the disease involved. Diseases that cause cerebral atrophy include:
stroke and traumatic brain injury
Alzheimer’s disease, Pick’s disease, and fronto-temporal dementia
cerebral palsy, in which lesions (damaged areas) may impair motor coordination
Huntington’s disease, and other hereditary diseases that are associated with genetic mutations
leukodystrophies, such as
Krabbe disease, which destroy the myelin sheath that protects axons
mitochondrial encephalomyopathies, such as
Kearns-Sayre syndrome, which interfere with the basic functions of neurons
multiple sclerosis, which causes inflammation, myelin damage, and lesions in cerebral tissue
infectious diseases, such as encephalitis, neurosyphilis, and AIDS, in which an infectious agent or the inflammatory reaction to it destroys neurons and their axons
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