Hello Sade Leslie
It is very interesting that some one is curious to know about a typical thing that too about tuberculosis .
Now , the answer of your question:
TB spreads from person to person through the air by droplet nuclei containing
Mycobacterium tuberculosis .
After inhalation , infectious droplet nuclei may reach respiratory bronchioles or alveoli.
Depending on bacterial virulence and the INHERENT HOST DEFENSE mechanisms of the alveolar macrophages, infection may be established and replication may ensue.
The tubercle bacillus grows slowly , dividing every 25 to 32 hours within macrophages.
Intially , there is no host resistance until a sufficient number of organisms are produced 2 12 weeks ( AND HOST REMAINS ASYMPTOMATIC , this is the answer of your question and this is a very helpful in the treatment for TB in next 50 years).
If within this duration the immunity or defense of host ( macrophages ) become able to kill Myco then host will not suffers with TB.
However , this is a short study but it is not possible here to write down in detail.
Hope this will be useful for you .
Good luck.