hello welcome to hcm well,i can understand your concern and apprehension,although surgery for correcting anal fissure is considered to be quite safe procedure but as its said,any and every surgical procedure can cause some sort of complications and it applies to the anal fissure surgery too !! the possible complications of anal fissure surgery are as followa -- (1) INFECTION - every surgical procedure carries a risk of infection by the micro-organisms,specially by bacteria due to contamination of the raw area on which surgery is performed or post surgery wound..make sure that your treating doctor strictly take care of the antiseptic measures which most of the surgeons usually do in routine (2) ANAL ABSCESS - in case a infection occurs and is not treated adequately by antibiotics and other measures then the infecting bacteria can lead to formation of a abscess with collection of pus in that abscess cavity (3) ANAL FISTULA - it is a condition in which a direct tract/tunnel is formed between inner portion of anus and the outer skin and this tunnel gets infected and pus drips out via the opening on skin (4) BOWEL INCONTINENCE - surgery of anal fissure involves cutting a small portion of the muscles of inner anal sphincter which holds the stools by keeping the anus closed so there is always a possibility that more than optimal muscle fibres get incised leading to incontinence in which there is no voluantry control over the anal sphincture and stools may keep dripping outside with no control (5) RELAPSE - its always a possibility that the fissure develops again even after the surgery (6) PAIN AT THE SITE OF SURGERY - you may find the anal region to be sore and painfull till few days after surgery and may get lot of discomfort while sitting now about your second question i.e WHAT PRECAUTIONS to take after surgery,you should take following steps for rapid and successful recovery after surgery -- (1) dont move around and stay in the bed till the effects of anaesthesia subsides (2) try to stay in hospital for 12-24 hours after surgery (3) ask your doctor to prescribe appropriate pain killer medicines and antibiotics for few days after surgery (4) take special care of the hygiene of the genitals and anal region to prevent any possible post-operative infections (5) take proper bed rest for few days after surgery for fast recovery of the surgical wound (6) most important precaution should be TO AVOID CONSTIPATION AND AVOID STRAINING DURING PASSING STOOLS,take following simple steps to prevent constipation and hardened stools - take lot of fibres in diet,fibre content is present in sufficient amounts in fruits / raw vegetables and salad / whole grains / nuts - take plenty of water and fluids - exercise regularly like brisk walking for 20 minutes daily as exercise improves and increases the blood flow of the operated region and thus promotes the rapid healing of surgical wound i hope the information provided by me above will be helpful to you take care hcm.