Classification of pap smear results

• Normal.
• Probably normal with mild changes.
• Pre-cancerous stage.
• Invasive cancer.

Cause of abnormal pap tests

• Human papillomavirus: It is the common cause for abnormal cells in the pap smears. It causes sexually transmitted disease.
• Sexually transmitted diseases.
• Intake of diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy.
• Hormonal changes during post-menopausal women.
• Bacterial infections.
• Fungal infections.
• Radiation.
• Intrauterine contraceptive devices.

Symptoms in whom abnormal pap tests

• Discharge from vagina with change in color, odor or texture.
• Pain, burning or itching in pelvic or genital area during urination or during sex.
• Sores, blisters, rashes or warts around the genitals

Abnormal pap smear have following grades

• Class 1: Normal, no treatment required.
• Class 2: Atypical which could be caused by inflammation or infection. In this case another pap smear may be needed or colposcopy needed.
• Class 3: Dysplasia or pre-cancerous, low grade. Further colposcopy is needed.
• Class 4: High grade dysplasia or carcinoma in situ. In this colposcopy is must with cone biopsy or LEEP procedure.
• Class 5: Indicates invasive cancer.