Black Foot Disease (BFD)- The Hidden Threat Toward Amputation

What is black foot disease (BFD)? Black Foot Disease (BFD) is a type of peripheral vascular disorder characterized by severe thinning or blockage of the small blood vessels in the feet. Blocked blood vessels reduce the blood supply, causing tissue damage due to an improper supply of oxygen and nutrients. Starvation of oxygen and lack of nutrient supply cause blackening and death of tissue if not managed and treated. In the majority of cases, BFD is found to be linked to prolonged exposure to contaminated arsenic water, particularly in those regions where groundwater has high arsenic levels. The arsenic contaminated water results of blood vessels damage, increasing the risk of vascular disease.

Understanding of black foot disease (BFD)?

Black foot disease (BFD) is a severe vascular condition characterized by the progressive loss of blood flow that may lead to tissue damage, or conditions like gangrene, and left untreated, Progressive tissue damage can result in the need to amputate the affected limb. This disease is most common in environmental toxins and primarily affects the body parts- the foot, ankle, and legs. Though it is quite rare but it poses significant health risks.

 

Which population is considered at high risk for BFD?

·                    People living in high arsenic-contaminated areas: Ingestion through drinking water present with arsenic.

·                    People with poor circulatory diseases: Persons with poor circulation health conditions, such as smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, or other vascular problems, are more susceptible to this disease.

·                    Occupational Toxins Exposure: certain work industries exposed to arsenic compounds or other toxins may be at higher risk.

Symptoms of BFD

·                    Persistent cramping or pain in the feet or closed area, especially during workouts or walking.

·                    Progressive change in skin colour, like skin darkness or black patches, occurs in the feet.

·                    Numbness, stiffness, or a persistent cold feeling in the feet and toes.

·                    Open wounds or ulcers that fail to heal.

·                    In advanced cases, if left untreated, tissue necrosis (tissue death) progresses to gangrene.

Diagnosis of BFD

The diagnosis part typically includes:

·       A physician will conduct a physical examination, analyse a person’s medical history and current symptoms.

·       Imaging studies, such as Doppler ultrasound, are performed to assess blood flow in the affected area.

·       If exposure is suspected, laboratory tests are conducted to determine arsenic levels.

 

Treatment Objectives of BFD

 

·                    Early detection of the disease is essential for successful treatment.

·                    Eliminating the arsenic environment and toxin exposure immediately.

·                    Maintain hygiene and manage wounds carefully to avoid infection and cure them properly.

·                    If disease progression reaches a severe level, amputation may be needed as per expert guidance.

 

Preventive tips:

·       Drink tested water only, which is free from arsenic contamination and toxins.

·       Refrain from habit like smoking, drinking alcohol, and manage chronic health conditions like blood pressure and diabetes under control.

·       Follow a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet with regular exercise.

·       Consult a medical expert if experiencing above mention symptoms as early as possible.

Conclusion

 

BFD or black foot disease is a chronic and debilitating health condition, but at the same time curable condition if detected and managed early. Taking active preventive steps like avoiding arsenic exposure and seeking medical attention timely manner may significantly diminish its impact. Protecting vascular health early and adopting healthy living conditions are the most prominent steps in combating this health condition.