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Septal perforation is a hole in the nasal septum, the tissue that separates the nostrils. It can occur as a result of previous nasal surgery or as a result of nasal fracture. It can also occur after long term use of cocaine.

Pneumonia is a serious respiratory condition. It is one of the leading causes of death in children and newborn. Some estimates suggest pneumonia affects close to 150 million children under 5 years of age annually. It is also one of the common reasons for hospitalisation especially in the under-developed as well as developing nations.

Vertigo is a feeling of motion or spinning, and it's commonly referred to as dizziness. People with vertigo feel that the world is spinning around them. It is not a disease or sickness on its own, but a sign or symptom of an underlying problem. Waking up with vertigo is not normal; however, in most cases, it is not a worrisome problem and will go away on its own. Vertigo episodes may persist for a few seconds or only in the morning or recurrent episodes may show through the majority of the day. Let’s discuss about vertigo and various self-care tips that would assist you in managing vertigo.

It is a testicle that has not moved in to its position which is scrotum. It can affect one or both testes. Approximately 10% of cases are bilateral. Among unilateral cases, left side is most common.

A muscle that involuntarily contracts is called a spasm. If the spasm is forceful and sustained, it becomes a cramp. A muscle cramp is thus defined as an involuntarily and forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax. This causes a visible or palpable hardening of the involved muscle. A muscle cramp, technically, occurs when muscle tightens and shortens causing a sudden severe pain. Muscle cramps can last anywhere from a few seconds to a quarter of an hour or occasionally longer. They can recur frequently.